MEITEITE THEI IN – Part two
By Vungzamuan Valte
MEITEI SOCIETY :
A bultung a i gensa mah bangin, Manipur Valley ah NAM chituam tuam om ua, hiaite bel Meitei, Loi, Yaithibi, Bishnupriya leh Pangal ahi uhi. Hiai ten kumtampi paita a hiaimun luahta ahihdan uh kigen mangmawh zen ua, mituampi hikhol kei mah le uh, a society sung uah kideidanna nasatak mai aom hi.
Khatkhat in ensin le:
LOIS :
Hiaite Manipur valley sung ah mun tuamtuam ah atuam in midangte tawh tengkhawm lou in tol-ten deuh tangpi uhi. A hong kipatna uh a genchiang thei taktak om kei mahleh uh Loi-thaba, Loi-kaba chih kampau khawng apat Loi village a exile, Loi village apat hong kik chihte apat koihdan khat om thei a, Meitei ten namniam dan a akoih uh ahi uhi. Meitei ten a sep utlouhte uh semtu ahi ua, Meitei te kinamsang sak leh kisiangthou sak ahih ziakun zu khawng uk lou tangpi ua, scavenging lam khawng hihlou tangpi ua, hiai Loi ten hiailam nesep khawng sem deuh dan un kigen hi. Meitei te ahong khanlet tunglai un akim apam ua nam neuchikchik omte amau nuai ah koih ua (subjugate) huchi in siah khong kai ua, hiai Loi te Manipur Valley killak leh mualpang khawng ah khosa sak tiltel uhi. Meitei taktak te tawh kiteng tuah (zi-le-pasal) lou ua independent tak in a social life uh maintain thei uhi. Meitei te Hindu asuah nung nangawn un Lois te Hindu a kipelut tei mawk khollou ua, Meitei te pupa Culture lui kembittu lehsuah kha daih uhi.
Hiai Loite lak ah Meitei Lengte thumanglou a society apat a hawlkhiakte (ostracized) u’leh galmat khenkhat te om hiding dan a gen pawl leng om uhi. Khurkhul lak a khosate khawng in kum 300 khawng paita a Manipur lut hidan un kigen ua, Meitei tak hilou ua, Shan ethnic group, Kabo lak apat hidan in kigen uhi. Sekmai lak a Loi te leuleu ahihleh, SAK ethnic group apat kisuilut ua, Thailand origin hidan in kigen uhi. Andro, Sekmai, Phayeng, Leimaram, Thongjao leh Koutruk lak a tengte himhim CHAKPA group kichi ua, Chak or Shak people zong kichi hi. Khenkhatte gendan in hiai Lois te kha Meidinggu Pamheiba (Garibniwaz) in 18th Century bullam a Meitei te HINDU asuah sak vek lai a Hindu suak utloute ahi ua, Meitei society apat muntuam a ahawlkhiakte ahi uh chi uhi.
Lois kichite Meitei pau mah zang ahi ua, Meiteite tawh kilamdan luatna nei leng ahi kei ua, a Pathian biakdan uleh a tawndante khawng uleng kilamdang lawtel lawmlawm khollou hi. Amau sung ah Clan system ichih, leh Yumnak chihdan khawng neisawn tei thou ua, Meitei te Hinduism zuitu ahong hihtak un LOIS te kha namniam leh untouchables chihdan deuh in DALIT te danin simmoh ua, India in Independence ahon muh takin hiai Lois te Schedule Caste category a guanlut hong hi ua, hamphatpih zawdaih mai uhi. Manipur ah SC omte Lois, Patni, Namsudra, Sutradhar, Dhobi, leh Muchi kichite lak ah LOIS te tam penpen ua Paite te population toh kikim sim mahmah ding hi (60000, 2001 census). Lois kichite tenna khuate leh gam luahnate hiaidan ahi, Andro, Sekmai, Phayeng, Khurkhul, Koutruk, Leimaram, Kakching, Kwatha leh Tairenpokpi. Singtangmite dansim in village Khullakpa chih bang nei ua, Singlup, Leirup, Keirup chihdan khawng in organization kineih uhi.
YAITHIBIS :
Hiaite Meitei sung a mite mah ahi ua, hilehleng, Meitei society a teng theilou ding leh om theilou ding a hawlkhiak/nawhdawk (exiled/banished/ex-communicated/ostracized) ahi uhi. Hunbi tuamtuam ah Meitei gamsung ah buaina nasa taktak bang piang thei zelzel a, Meitei lengpa doutu leh phuk sawm bang om khasek ua, khenkhatte Lengte van guktak laktak ziak bang, huaite kha matkhiak a hawlkhiak ahi naknak uhi. Meitei society sungah Taboo ichih dandeuh ZEK kichi tan-ding leh bohsiat theihlouh tampi aneihte lak uah, YEK/SALAI khat sunga kitentuah ding khap bikbek ahi a, huchidan a society in dan abawl palsat teitei te hawlkhiak hi ua, Sugnu khawng, Waithou khawng ah exile zel uhi. Khenkhatte Lois khua khawng ah hawllut ua, huaite lak a tengden bang leng om dan ahi uhi. Yaithibi kichi, kihhuai leh Meittei te lak a om taklou, misianglou chihna ahi a, himahleh, amau sisan suak mah ahih ziakin society a ahong kiknawn theihdan ding uleng bawlsak thousam uhi. Yaithibi kichite tampi a pha kei ua, mihing 1000 khawng lel hiding uhi, Schedule Caste a guanlut ahi uhi.
BISHNUPRIYAS :
Meitei Lengpa Khagemba hun 17th Century AD vel in VISHNU bia Hindu te Meitei gam ah lut pan ua, Bishnupur kichihna mun ah Vishnu Temple bang bawl ua hiai vaipathian biakna ana kipanta hi. Huchia biakna tuam nei a ahong om chiang un kituahlouhna bang hong om sek ahihna ah Cachar lam khawng ah taikhia ua, Burma te’n Meitei gam luh zihzeh sek ahihna utoh, huaiziak khawng mah inleng taikhe duamduam sek uhi. Huchia Meitei gam taisan kenkhatte hong kik nawnlou a omdenta te ahi uhi. A hongkik nawnte leng Bishnupur lak a omdeuhse ua, kituam bawl sim mawk uhi. Hiai Bishnupriya Meitei kichite tuni in Tripura bang, Assam bang ah muhding om tam sim ua, amei apa Singha kichi deuhse uhi. Kituambawl sawm sim mahleh uh Meitei Society suak mah ahihna uah a tawndan uh, a culture uh kibang ahihna ah Clan system thou zui ua, sagei system mah nei ua, Yumnak chihdan a kivaipuak dan khawng mah zui vetei thou uhi. Meiteite kitendan tawh a kitendan uh kibang thou a, society paidan, pau-le-ham ah lamdang luatna neilou uhi. Kuate hiam chihdan takleh, kituambawl ut himhim te dan ahi uhi. Bishnupriya Language tuam om ahi, Aryan Origin ahi bang achi ua, Meitei-lon thou ahi chi leng a om ua, huchia om belbual kawm a Vaipathian betute leh vai festival zangtute ahi deuhse uhi. Bangladesh a Sylhet lak ah leng om ua, Cachar ah leng tamsim om uhi.
MEITEI SUNG TAKTAK :
Meitei te kichi Manipur valley luahtute ahi ua, amau kigendan in kum 1000 tampi luahta dingdan in kigen uhi. Himahleh, Manipur Valley kichi tui/dawp lakpi ahihna ah mihingte luahna sawtpi hiding in gintakhuai lawmlawm khollou hi. Huaiziakin, a History taktak uh ahon gelh chiangun Raja khat Loiyumba in 1100 AD vel in maakai hituak mahmah mai hi. Himahleh, Pankhangba kichi ah suilut teitei sim ua, hiai Pakhangba pen Pathian bang tuk in koih uhi. Meiteit te ahong piankhiakna ahi chi ua, Ningthouja clan kipatna ahi chi uhi. Huchia, Ningthouja clan te ahong hatma un KHUMAN clan te hatmasa ua, himahleh hiai Khuman te tung ah Ningthouja te ahong hat ziakun, Tribe tuamtuam te aban aban in zou kawikawi ua, huchi in Meitei gamsung teng ah vai hon hawn theita uhi. Huchia, nam tuamtuam dan a aom nawnlouh chiangun Ningthouja te Meitei hong kichi ua, huchi in namdang amau nuai a akoihte uleng MEITEI hong suak uh ahi kichi hi.
Meitei society sung ah YEK kichi leh SALAI kichi thangsak mahmah ua, SAGEI (sakei) leh YUMNAKS kichite tawh, hiaite a zatna theilou in a society sung uh theibun lou ding hihang. YEK kichi CLAN chihna ahi a, Salai leng clan chihna thou ahi hi, himahleh a zatna mun uh kibanglou a, YEK chihpen Nu-leh –Pa (nupi-pasal) a kitenna lam toh kisai deuh in zang se uhi. Salai kichi pen a culture uleh a society sung ua thilhihna te ah zang zawdeuh tangpi ua, laigelhtu khenkhat in gelhkhawm ua Yek-Salai chi trehtruh mawk uhi. clan kichi nam chihna ahi a, eite gendan hileh, Tribe ichi ding uhi. Huchidan in Yek pen clan, Salai pen le clan, hiai a clan ichih pen tang-a-tuan –a pupa kibang ding a gintakthu a, mi 1 suante kigawmkhawm chihna ahi hi. Salai (Clan) 9 kisuah ua, huai clan 9 te lak ah Mangang leh Ningthouja gawmkhawm thak ua, Sarang leh Leisangthem gawmkhawn thak nawn ua, huchi in Salai/Yek/Clan 7 neita uhi.
Hiai clan 7 te Mangnang Ningthouja Salai, Luwang Salai, Khuman Salai, Angom Salai, Moirang Salai, Khanganba Salai, Sarang Leisangthem (Chinglei) Salai ahi uhi. Hiai SALAI te Meitei society ah poimoh petmah mai ua, SALAI LUP kichi COUNCIL dandeuh khauhtak a kivaipuakna dan khat nei uhi. Sisan guizom dan a kikoih ahihna uah hiai sisan gui kepbitna nasep nasatak in paipih ua, YEK kibangte nupi leh pasal ding a kiten khaam bikbek uhi (Yek thoknaba), mi khat suan ahihna uah phal lou uhi.
Meitei society huchia Salai 7 a kikhen ichih hangin lianlawtel mahmah ahina ah, hiai clan system nuai ah Yumnaks (Sageis)) kichi om nawn leuleu a, hiai Yumnaks ichih eilawite dan hileh Beh ichihte hiding dan ahi hi. Naichik a gen in, Suangtu kibang/laigui zom/sungkhat chihna ahi a, anuai a dan in kikhen sawn uhi:
1. Mangang Ningthouja ten Yumnaks 219 nei ua Keithellakpam, Konsam, Ningom, Chirom, Irengbam. Irom, Yengkhom, Thangjam etc khawngte hi uhi.
2. Luwang ten Yumnaks 77 nei ua Khumukcham, Ngangom, Chongtham, Thiyam, Thounaujam etc khawng in kikhen uhi.
3. Khuman ten 167 Yumnaks nei ua Karam, Kangjam, Ngangbam, Taorem, Chintham, Yambem etc khawng in kikhen uhi.
4. Angom tern Yumnaks 89 nei ua Koijam, Ngathem, Achom, Angom, Yumlembam etc khawng in khen uhi.
5. Moirang ten Yumnaks 90 nei ua Kiyam, Khomdram, Chongtham, Moirangthem, Yurembam etc khawng in khen uhi.
6. Sarang-leisangthem/Chinglei ten Yumnaks 40 nei ua Kalenjam, Chongtham, Tongbram, Leisangthem, Ayekpam etc khawng in kikhen uhi.
7. Khanganba ten Yumnaks 34 nei ua Khuraijam, Khumujam, Thongam, Aheibam etc khawng in kikhen uhi.
Hiaidan a Yumnak/Sagei 700 phial BEH min nei ahihna uah a kibang khawng omkhawm teltul ding mah ahi a, hileh leng ei theihdan a kibang isakte kha amau a kibatlouhna leh Suangtu tuam ahihdan uh thei mahmah lel uhi.
Hiai beh minte kha a poimoh luatna khat om hiveh aw, beh khat asuangtu pen kha Apokpa/Apokpi chi unchin, kumteng in khatvei biak piakna nei zelzel uhi.
Beh khat sung ah MARUP kichi leng nei ua, Yumnaks sung a chihim nading leh a ngeinadan uh kepbitna dingin elders te council dan neichiat ua, kihawlpawt/kilaklut leh adang dang vaisaitu hi ua, a behsung ua a suangtupa inkuan taktak pen (khanggui) vaihawmtu PIBA in pang hi. Hiai PIBA dinmun ahihleh a Sagei Lai uh kemtu ahi hi. Etsakna dingin kei bang tapa upa kahihlouh ziakin ka khangthu uah inkuan thil vaisaina ah u’pen dinmun luah theilou, a kahnggui a innpipa kha Yumnak Apokpa guijam ahi hi, apokpa suang vek hile uleng.
Huai beh apaipih dan khat leuleu uh, sihna manna omta zenzen leh, zualkou/messenger kineih ua kihilh suak teitei uh chi uhi.
BAMONS:
MEITEI SOCIETY ah pure Meitei blood dan a akoihte uh hiai atung a igente ahi deuh mai ua, Meitei society ah munpoimoh tak luahtu khat nawn chu BRAHMINS te ahi ua, hiai Bamon kichite hi kum 400 vel paita apat awlawl a Vaite Manipur gamsung a honglutte suan-leh-pakte ahi uhi. Manipur phaizang a mihingte tengteng phial HINDU ahong suah utoh kiton in Vai Brahmin te Temple nasep leh Puja nesep tuamtuam sem dingin hong lut zelzel ua, a Lengte un dinmun sangtak ah koih ua, Hindu Scripture lam a siamna sangtak nei chihdan in omsak ua, zi-leh-ta neithei dingin phalna pia ua, huchi in a society uah zalentak in om uhi. Hiai vai Brahmin te thuzawh a Hindu suak ahihna uah a society uh control zou mahmah mai ua, Vaite hiloupi khat Meiteite khemchavaih dimdem ua, Vaite Caste System ah kailut ua, Meitei Salai 7 te tengteng Kshatriya nahi uh chi ua, a GOTRA ding khawng uh bawlsak mawkmawk uhi. GOTRA ichih chiangin vaite lak a family tree genna ahi a, Gotra khat sunga omte zi-leh-pasal ding a kineih khaam bikbek ahi a, Meitei te YEK tawh kituak kawikawi dingin bawltawm uhi. Hiaite anuai a dan ahi hi:
1. Ningthouja (Mangang) Shandilya Gotra
2. Angom Kaushika Gotra
3. Chenglei/Sarang Leisangthem Bhradwaj Gotra
4. Luwang Kashyap Gotra
5. Khuman Madhugalya Gotra
6. Moirang Atreya Gotra
7. Khaba-Nganba Gautam Gotra
Huchi in Meitei society ah min kipiakdan khawng hong kikheng a, sihna manna a kisongbawldan khawng hong kikheng zungzung a, nupi-pasal a kitendan khawng hong kikhek lumlet vekta mai hi.
Chikmah a Rajkumar minpu ngeiloute R.K. ahong kichi ua, Ningthouja clan te chihna ahi hi. Chikmah a SINGH kichi keiloute, Kumar kichi ngeiloute kha ahong Singh/Kumar ta furfur mai ua, vai kulmutte gendantak leh, Meitei te SANSKRITIZATION nasatak mai in paizang tou mahmah mai a, Hindu Community ah sangtak in kivawktou top mai uhi. Huchidan hilou hileh, Harijan class a kipat ngai dingdan ahi hi.
Huchidan ahi a, Meitei Culture suasamna nasatak mai pautou tou in a History ubang, a Culture ubang, a alphabet ubang, a niteng khawsakdan tengteng khawng uh ki transform vek sipsip phial in kum 300 khawng mahmah ahong omtou ua, tuni in Meitei Society ah GORIYA Meiteis (Hindus) leh Meitei Kulmut SANAMAHI zuitu ahong kikhenta uhi. Hiai Meitei Bamon te annhuam siam chi in tunitan in Meitei Society ah chalngam mahmah mai ua, midangte annhuan bang sianglou chi in nelou mawk uhi.
MEITEI PANGALS/PANGAN :
Meitei pangal kichite kumpi Kiyamba hun a laklut ahi ua, Gambhir in leng galdou dingin lalut a, huaite suan-le-pakte hiaizah om kichi uhi. Meitei Pangal te Sylhet Bangladesh Muslims, Cachar lam apat honglut ahi ua, Meiteite tawh tengkhawm a zi-leh-pasal a kinei ahihziak un tuchiang in Meiteite mah tawh kibang in YUMNAK dandeuh khawng neitei ua, Meitei pau mah zang uhi. Midang lua himah le uh tuam bawl luatdan om nawnlou simta a Meitei gam ah tualleng mahmah lel uhi..