MEITEITE THEI IN – Part one
By Vungzamuan Valte
Manipur state sung ah singtangmi tribe 29 val ki-om a, Hill Areas kichite ah kiteng deuh pen hi. Manipur phaizang gamsung, Valley Area ah Meiteite teng deuh tangpi ua, amau ethnic group tuamtuam in kikhen sawn ahi ua, huaite bel MEITEI (Meetei), LOI, YAITHIBI, BRAHMINS (Bamon), BISHNUPRIYA LEH PANGAN (MEITEI PANGAL) chi in kikhen thei ding hi.
Meiteite hong kipatna kuaman chingtak in genthei lou ua, tunitan in muhdan leh gintakdan kibanglou lemlum lai hi. A tangpithu in hiai anuai a te gintakdan gentangpi uhi:
1. ARYAN RACE:
Hiai ngaihdan ahong pianna ahihleh 18th Century AD lai in Pamheiba kichi lal thupitak nuai a aom lai un galhat mahmah mai a, Burma gam a Kabaw valley tanpha va suasam in SHAN te gam va luah zou hi. Huailai in Hindu kulmut khenkhat vialvak vak ua, gamkek pawl Vaishnavites kichite Manipur phaizang ah va tungkha uhi. Vaishnavism kichi Hindu sahkhua kahiang khat ahi a, Bengal apat Assam ah hong lut in, Manipur a Kumpipa Court ah SANTIDAS Gorai/Gosai (Goshwami) hong tuaklut kha hi. Hiai Santidas kichi in Pamheiba thuzawh in Hindute ahihdan uh kawkmuh a Kshatriya Class na hi ua, Mahabharat Epic a Arjuna zi Chitrangada pen Meitei nungak ahi a, a tapa uh Babhruvahana pen Meiteite chikhahtu ahi chi in khem hi.
A historian masate un a sutdan khat uh genzual le, Manipur Valley nidanglai in tui in tum a vanlaizawl ah Lord Shiva toh Parvati a vialvak vakna lam uah Manipur tampak kilawmtak mai mu ua, hong tualkum suk ua, huchi in Chingnunghut a tui a kidal/chinsakna mun lakhia in tui luangkhe sak ua, phaizang kilawmtak mai hong kidawk khia a, huaipen kipahpih mahmah in la sa ua, anupa un Lam uhi kichi hi. Hiaidan a kisinsakna thubelhchian dawlloute khangthak ten gingta nawnlou ua, pampaihta uhi.
Huchi in Pamheiba leng Hindu sahkhua ah kipelut a 1725 kum lakvel apat Garib Niwaz chi in amin khengta hi. A lalgam sungteng ah Hindu sahkhua force in impose a Lilong gei a Gunlui ah Meitei siampute tengteng tuililut in (sagihvei tuisung ah lut in) Hindu sahkhua kembittu hiding in kichiamna bawlta uhi. Huchih chiangin a vanluite tengteng uh, a sahkhua biakna vanzatte uleh, a Meitei sahkhua laibute tengteng uh PUYAS kichi lakhawm vek sipsip in mei ah haltumta uhi (Puya Thaba).
Huaiziak in Meitei te Hindu hong suak ua, a Historian masate un hiaithu mah pansan in Meiteite Hindu ahi ua Aryan Race ahi uh chitinten uhi. A gendan un Meiteite mundang apat hongpai hilou in hiai Manipur gamsung a teng den ahi ua, Arjuna tungtawn a khangsawn sawn Indo-Aryan Race te kichi uhi.
2. MEITEITE LEH SINGTANGMITE SUANGTU KHAT:
Meitei Historian leh Singtangmi Historian khenkhat ten bel Meitete Aryan Race ahi kei ua, hia Arjuna suante kichi Sanskritization concept chikhat maimai ahi, Hindu community a kitahlut theihna ding a tangthu bawltawm maimai ahi chi uhi. Meitei Brahmin (Bamon) kichite kumpipa court ah thuneitak a om ahi ua, Kumpi laiguizomte (Ningthouja) Rajkumar kichite tawh hiai Meitei Brahminte pangkhawm a amau thuneihna leh dinmun a kepching ut man ua tangthu bawltawm a kepbit maimai uh ahi chi uhi.
Hiaite muhkhiak danin Mahabharat a Manipur kichi pen Kalinga gam apat long a pai ahi ua Orissa sung a Manipur kichi nidanglai a mun om hiven, huaimun genna lel ahi, huaihun lai in Manipur gam long a bangchi tun ding ahi ua, tunitan inleng Manipur gam long a tuntheih nailouh ahi chi uhi.
Hiaidan ngaihdan neituten Meiteite tawh Singtangmite ahong kipatna uh kibang ahi, Nagate tawh Meiteite suangtu kibang ahi ua, Tibeto-Burman language apat Meitei lon hong piang khia tei thou ahi chi uhi. Meiteite Mongoloid Race mah ahi ua, Sino-Tibetan Group te lak a khat ahi uh chi uhi. Physical features, hair colour khawng apat leng Meiteite Aryan Race sangin Mongloid Race ahi uh chih ciang mahmah chi uhi.
Hiaibang ngaihdan leh muhdan neite bel tulai a Hindu Meitei kulmut hilou leh Modern Historian te hi ua, khangthak ten leng pomsiam mahmah ua, Meiteite nidanglai in Tribalte bangin kidou ua, sa ne ua, kivui ua, Mongoloid Origin mah ahidan uh pom uhi.
3. MIXED RACE:
Hiai ngaihdan neite gindan in Manipur ah kum sangtampi sungin mihing mun tuamtuam apat hong zin ua, hong teng ua, hong khosa ua, zi-le-pasal in kinei tuah ua, gal mat leh sal in kila ua, huaite chikhahte tua Meitei society a tengkhawm ahihna uah, Mixed race ahi chi uhi. A dikna tampi muhtheih ding a, nidang lai in Manipur tawn in Shan kumpi in Assam kumpi dou ngei sek a kum tampipi bang opkhum sek uhi. Manipur gamsung ah Chahi Taret Khuntakpa kichi hunbi poimoh tak om ngei a, 1819 apat 1826 sungteng Burma a Shan kumpi in a tutphah sungin Meiteite tampi petmah kiselmang ua, tampite mah in sihna tuak ua, huaihun lai in Manipur ah pasal 3000 khawng lel om dingin gen uhi.
Huchia hun tuamtuam a mihing tuamtuam ahong omkhawm ua ahong khosakkhawm chiangun Mix Race hong piang ahi chi ua, adikna chiang leng om lawtel dan ahi hi. Tua Meitei Bamon kichite bang Mongoloid hizenzen lou unchin, Vaite Brahmin kichite Manipur a hong khosa a local mite toh kinei a om tawnsuakte ahi ua, Aryan Race a kichih uh diklou zenzen lou hial hi. Himahleh, amau pen Aryan Blood himahle uh, Meitei taktakte Aryan Blood hizel lou ahihna uah ki mix neinuai ahita uhi.
4. KEI MIMAL MUHDAN IN:
Meitei kichite apau uh Vaipau toh a kibang zenzen kei a, amel-le-puam uleh a pianzia himhim uh Mainland India lam sangin South East Asia lamte tawh kinai zawtham uhi. Indonesia leh Malaysia khawng ah a sanggamte ding uh hileh kilawm mel-le-puam ah tampetmah ua, akhuang betdan uleh a lamdan uh paizia (dance form) kibang petmah mai hi. Shan te Thailand apat hong lut ahi ua, Ahom te leng Thailand apa thong lut ahi uhi. Shan ten Ahom te Upper Burma apat hawlkhia ua, Assam ah Ahom ten Kingdom va dinkhia uhi. Himahleh, Shan ten Ahom te lungmuangtak a khosa sak tuanlou in Assam tanpha ah leng va delhzui zui laitel ua, huchia Ahom te tawh Shan te a kimelma bawl nalam uah Meitei ten ana thuak khakha ahi zaw uhi. Huaiziak in ei Zosuante leng, Tripuri te leng China lam apt tuakkhia a lutsuk ihihna uah, hiai Meiteite leng gamlapi danin kigen nak le uleng diklou peuhmah ding hi.
Pau kinaichik ichihte a origin uh kinai tuanse ahi uh chih misiamte suikhiak dan ahi a MIT, KHUT, NAK, SAM, PA, MA, NIH, NGA leh adang dang huchia pau kibang ineih theih mawk kha thillamdangpi khat chu ahi hi.
Tua Meitei ten LOIS achihte uh ngialhouh, Kakching, Sekmai, Andro, Leimaram chihte laka tengte ngial houh, ei sanga leng tribal zawtham bang uh sa ka hi. Sa neklouh neilou phial ahi ua, zu leh adang dang hahbawl mahmah teisam ua, Kabuite tawh bang kinaidiak khol bang uhi. Meiteite Hindu ahong kichih chiang un hiaite kha namniam achi ua untouchables dan dinmun phial in koih ua, eilawi singtangpa leng huchidan mah in koihdan hon nei uhi.
Archeological excavations khawng ahon bawl chiangun, nidanglai in Maitei te kivui lawtel dan uh ahi chih musuah thakthak ua, sa leh gal a kimante ahihna uah Tribal te toh kibang ahihdan uh kimusuah thakthak hial uhi.
Kei mimal muhdan in chu Meiteite Mixed Race ahi uh chih dik dingin ka gingta a, Brahmin te tawh sisan kizom ahita ua, Meitei Pangal kichite bang kum 1606 lai in Kumpi Khagemba in Cachar apat Muslim te mi 1500 vel galdou ding a azatte paikik nawn lou a om denta mai a, Meiteite tawh kitenpolh a zi-le-pasal a kinei tuah ahihna uah, Meitei pure blood kichi om thei dinmun hinawnlou dan ahi hi. Tua Meitei Society a Meitei taktakte bel a tangpithu in Thailand lam apat Burma gam tawn a hong lut hiding un gintakhuai penpen hi. Meitei Scholars ten nasatak in a origin ding uh China bangah leng va zong teisam mahle uh, eita bang thou in Meitei Society China ah mukhe nai tuansam lou uhi. Manaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam leh mi dangdangte leng China a kisuilut vek thou ahihna uah, ARYAN RACE sangin MONGOLOID RACE hizaw ding in ka koih a Meitei khangthak ten leng hiaidan gingta zaw uhi. A helpawlte uh China a Ruilli lak khawng ah va tuitum mahmah uh hihtuak hi.
HISTORICAL SOURCE:
Meitei te history a kingakna tangpi dan a kigen pen Cheitharol Kumbaba (Royal Chronicle) kichi ahi. Hiai laibu poimohtak mai dingdan a kigen pen a Original omnawn lou chi zel uhi. Paite ten nidang lai pekpek in lai kinei a, ui in tuahmang ichih toh kibang sim leh kilawm hi.
History himhim a gelhtute gelhdan leh suidan a kinga ahi tangpi mai a, huaite kha justification a piaksiam dan dungjui ua dik leh diklou or zuihtak leh zuihtaklou chia hong kikhen sawn thei ahi hi.
Chandrakirti Singh in 1871-72 in Tonzang khua ah akhe a leitual sikkhaloupi in a khekhap dingdan bawltawm ua, huchidan a thil bawltawm zangin athu thupitak dingdan leh nasatak mai in huai inscription ah gelhlut uhi.
“HIS HIGHNESS ENDOWED WITH THE FIVE QUALITIES, LORD OF MANIPUR, SNAKE KING OF THE MEITEIS, BORN TO THE THRONE, RULER OF THE LAND, THE MAHRAJA CHANDRAKIRTI SINGH, ON SATURDAY, 3RD WAKCHING OF THE YEAR, 1793 OF THE SAKHABDA ERA...............” chi in thupikuai deuhmai leh mihing ding leng hilou hial hileh kilawm a thupi in gelh ua, chetna omlou thutampi gelhlut uhi.
Huaidan ahi a, hiai Cheitharol Kumbaba pen 19th century nunga a Titular king uh JAI SING kichi in a gelhsak ahi a, Meitei Mayek a kigelh leng ahi kei hi. Hiai laibu agelh lai unle a original pen muhding om nawnlou chi uhi. Tuadan ahihleh, thugelh-laigelh ichite huaihun lai a amuh dan uh hisese khollou, Court Record gelhtuten apute uh nasatak a ekneilou bang zen a phat ahi ua, Pakhangba ah kisuilut in, 33 AD a Kangleipak gam luahlutta ahihdan uh suilut ua, hiai Pakhangba pen mihing hia bang ahia, chih leng theihkhen vual louh ding phial in dinmun sangtak pia uhi (awl in hiaithu kisui ding hi). Hiai Chronicle pen Meitei Historian te kingakna bulpi ahihtak ziakin a kumpite khawng uh 76 tak vual dendon hial mah uhi.
Himahleh, Kangleipak Kingdom pen 1110 AD kum a Loiyumba in a patkhiak ahi chih chiangtak a record nei ahihna uah, hiai Loiyumba apat Raja 38 hoihtak in chiamteh thei ua, Loiyumba apat Marjit tan a gelhthawh omlou himahleh a sutthei uhi. Marjit khitnung inchu record hoihtak omta ahi a, 1819 AD nunglam inchu laigelh muhding British te suidan bang hong om teltulta hi. Huaiziak in, AD 1000 malam thute himhim gelhgelh mahle uh a chetna omlou leh, Archaeological remains/relics etc nasan muhding omlou ahihna ah, gintakdan leh lakdan isiam uh ngai hi.
Tulai a historian te sutdan in China apat Migration wave tuamtuam a mihing singtampipi khawng khanglam manoh a hunbi tuamtuamte a paikhia ihihdan uh suikhia ua, Zosuante leng 800 AD lakvel a Tibet lam apat kumkhesuk in Chindwin luidung kitungsuk hidingdan in suideuh tangpi uhi. Ahom te upper Burma ah kum za bangzah hiam lalgamnei in teng ua, huaihun bel 1000 AD-1300 AD lakvel ahi hi. Shan te Burma ah ahong hat ua Ahom te nawhkhia ua, huchi in Shan ten Burma Phaizang ah lalgam thupitak hon bawlkhia uhi. Huchidan ahihleh, Ei Zosuanten Ahom te zuilou a, Shan te nawkkhak ding lau a Singtang gam bel hidingdan ihi uhi. Meitei ten leng hiaihun lai a migration wave paidan leh mihing a lompi a kipaituah hehu hunlai vel a pemkhia hiding un kigingta ua, SHAN te lah zoulou ding ua, Ahom te lah zoulou ding ua, huchikawm kar a Manipur phaizang tungkha hidingdan ahi uhi.
KANGLEIPAK KINGS kichite list i et chiangin Loiyumba in makai a kum 1100 AD vel dingin sut ua, huaidan ahihleh, kum 200-300 tansung khawng chu Manipur phaizang ah Lal/king neilou in om hiding dan ahi uhi. Meitei te khangthu sutna leh a Society kivaipuakdan uleh, a cultural heritage te khawng uh i kansui sau chiangin, Clan tuamtuam tampi om dan ahi ua, hiai Clan tuamtuam te atuamtuam in mun kineih ua, mun tuamchiat ah teng tiltel dan ahi uhi. Huchia, amau leh amau bang kidoutuah a, sa-le-gal a kimantuah a aom kheukhou lai un akim leh kiang ua singtangmite khosakdan toh kibang thou dingdan ahi hi.
Huaiziakin, a khangthu sutmite un, hiaidan a kidou tuah a sa-le-gal a kimatnate uang mahmah ahihna ah, alak ua hattuam deuh khat hong piangkhia in huai in nam/clan dangte zou dimdem a huchi in atung uah vai hon hawmta hi, chi ua, huaipa chu Pakhangba ahi chi uhi. Pakhangba pen Ningthouja Clan bulpi danin suilut ua, Pathian lah bang, mihing lah bang, Hinduten Lord Ram achih danduh uh suak sak uhi. Hiai Ningthoujate kha Meitei hong kichi un, huchia anuai ua a vaihawmkhumte uh Clan tuamtuam tampite kha Meitei chih hong hi uhi, chihdan ahi.
I gensa mah bangin Ningthou te record a aneihna uh 1110 AD vel ahi a, huaimalam te chu Khupching leh Ngambawm tangthu dandeuh in a koih theih phial ding hi. Bangteng hileh, Meitei society ah Cultural Identity hoihtak leh kichiantak ahong piankhiakna ziak bel a kipumkhatna ziak uh ahi a, huai dia kipumphatna bawltu bel suak-le-sal, sa-le-gal a kineihna leh kimatnate ziaka hong piangkhia ahi a, a hatzawte thunuai ah ahong omkhawm chiangun Nam thupitak leh Culture hausatak neitu ahong suak uhi. Huchi in, Manipur Valley ah Civilization ichih theih phial ding Meitei mipi thupitak in hong khangkia ua, khawvel theihtham ding leh cultural heritage sangtak nei in hong omkhe thei mawk uhi. Unau Mizote tawh tehkhin sin leng, Sailo Lalten Mizoram bawl ua, sisan-naisan suah a, lum-leh-tei zanga a bawlkhiak uh ahi hi. Meiteite sangin kum 100 tampi in a civilization uh naupang zawtham tham a, huaiziak in Meiteite khawvel kitaitehna lam ah hatzaw ua, min leng minthang zawtham uhi.
Huai ichih hangin, Mizote leng khangtou hat mahmah ua, mutpuak bangmai in khang hulhul mai uhi.